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   Thursday, July 31, 2003  
Cheryl Wagner

From: dkenline@bellsouth.net
Date: 2003/07/31 Thu PM 08:33:01 EDT
To: Cheryl.Wagner@IRS.GOV
Subject: Electronic Communication

Cheryl,

Thank you for answering my email. It is nice to know that real people work at the IRS.

Please tell me who at the IRS is heading up the Secure Portal plan.

Thank you very much.

Sincerely,

Doug Kenline
Atlanta, Georgia

posted by Dietrich Bonhoeffer at 7:37 PM


   Tuesday, July 29, 2003  
Cheryl Wagner

From: Wagner Cheryl A Cheryl.Wagner@IRS.GOV
Date: 2003/07/29 Tue PM 03:17:00 EDT
To: dkenline@bellsouth.net
Subject: RE: Electronic Communication

Hi Doug;

My understanding is that by 2007 the IRS plans to have a "secure portal" on their website where you will be able to logon and access your account much the way you do online banking. Of course there's always a chance that the planned date will be delayed but that's what I was told, are the plans.

Regards,

Cheryl Wagner
(202) 874-0614
50-07550

posted by Dietrich Bonhoeffer at 6:15 PM


   Monday, July 28, 2003  
Second Confirmation Of Same Email

Those people down there at the IRS really have it together don't they?

From: TaxHelp@hal1.ausc.irs.gov
Date: 2003/07/28 Mon AM 01:30:29 EDT
To: dkenline@bellsouth.net
Subject: IRS Email Tax Law Assistance

IRS Acknowledgement:

This is in response to the inquiry you submitted through our web site at http://www.irs.gov. Due either to unusual demand or the nature of your question, we have not been able to respond within the normal time. Please accept our apology for the delay. We will respond as quickly as our resources allow. Thank you for your patience.

Please do not send a reply to this message. If you have another question, please return to our web site at: http://www.irs.gov to submit it.




posted by Dietrich Bonhoeffer at 12:22 AM


   Sunday, July 27, 2003  
Cheryl Wagner

Cheryl Wagner must have gone into work on a Sunday, found the email from me to her, decided she did not want to talk to me, and sent the email back to the web form group who acts like it just came in on the web form. Friendly responsive government at it's finest.

From: TaxHelp@hal1.ausc.irs.gov
Date: 2003/07/27 Sun PM 10:35:07 EDT
To: dkenline@bellsouth.net
Subject: IRS Email Tax Law Assistance

IRS Acknowledgement:

This is in response to the inquiry you submitted through our web site at http://www.irs.gov. Due either to unusual demand or the nature of your question, we have not been able to respond within the normal time. Please accept our apology for the delay. We will respond as quickly as our resources allow. Thank you for your patience.

Please do not send a reply to this message. If you have another question, please return to our web site at: http://www.irs.gov to submit it.


posted by Dietrich Bonhoeffer at 8:57 PM
 
Cheryl Wagner

From: dkenline@bellsouth.net
Date: 2003/07/27 Sun AM 03:37:01 EDT
To: cheryl.wagner@irs.gov
Subject: Electronic Communication

Cheryl,

I have sent questions in to the IRS via the irs.gov web page form that have not been answered.

I would like to communicate with the IRS electronically regarding personal information that the IRS may have on myself.

I have been told that the IRS will not communicate electronically with the people regarding personal information.

As you may be aware, this is the 21st century and we do have the capacity for electronic communication now.

I have asked what plans the IRS has to allow electronic communication regarding personal information.

I have not received an answer to this question.

Please tell me what plans the IRS has to allow electronic communication of personal information and who at the IRS is heading up this effort.

Thank you very much.

Sincerely,

Doug Kenline
Atlanta, Georgia

posted by Dietrich Bonhoeffer at 2:39 AM


   Sunday, July 20, 2003  
From: TaxHelp@hal1.ausc.irs.gov
Date: 2003/07/20 Sun AM 05:36:19 EDT
To: dkenline@bellsouth.net
Subject: IRS Email Tax Law Assistance Acknowledgement

We have received the inquiry you submitted through our web site at http://www.IRS.gov. We will respond as quickly as our resources allow. Thank you for using our service.

If you have another question, please return to our web site at: http://www.irs.gov to submit it.

posted by Dietrich Bonhoeffer at 5:02 PM
 
From: TaxHelp@hal1.ausc.irs.gov
Date: 2003/07/20 Sun AM 05:36:18 EDT
To: dkenline@bellsouth.net
Subject: IRS Email Tax Law Assistance Acknowledgement

We have received the inquiry you submitted through our web site at http://www.IRS.gov. We will respond as quickly as our resources allow. Thank you for using our service.

If you have another question, please return to our web site at: http://www.irs.gov to submit it.

posted by Dietrich Bonhoeffer at 5:01 PM


   Saturday, July 19, 2003  
Should I use the rules found in 26 USC 861(b), and the related regulations beginning at 26 CFR 1.861-8, to determine my taxable domestic income?

Sincerely,

Doug Kenline
Atlanta, Georgia

Submitted via IRS web form.

Your Question Has Been Submitted

We will direct your message to the appropriate IRS office. Thank you!


posted by Dietrich Bonhoeffer at 11:26 PM
 
What plan does the IRS have for allowing electronic communication regarding personal "account" information?

Who in the IRS is heading up this plan?

What is the email address of this person?

Sincerely,

Doug Kenline
Atlanta, Georgia

Submitted via IRS web form.

Your Question Has Been Submitted

We will direct your message to the appropriate IRS office. Thank you!


posted by Dietrich Bonhoeffer at 11:19 PM


   Wednesday, July 16, 2003  
From: TaxHelp@hal1.ausc.irs.gov
Date: 2003/07/16 Wed PM 04:46:30 EDT
To: dkenline@bellsouth.net
Subject: IRS Email Tax Law Assistance

NOTE: Our response to your tax law question appears below. If you have a follow-up question or another general tax law question, please return to our web site at: (link) to submit it. Please do not use your "reply" button to respond to this message. More helpful information is provided at the end of this message.


Your Question Was:

re: msg : 1457099 I am not talking about this service. I am not talking about this IRS program . I am asking you if there is any person at the IRS with whom I can correspond with via email regarding personal information pertaining to myself. Please do not tell me that there is not one single person at the IRS with whom I can speak with via email regarding personal information pertaining to myself. This would be terrible service indeed. I want the name and email address of some real person at the IRS with whom I can speak to regarding personal information pertaining to myself. If you do not answer me with the name and email address of some person with whom I can speak to via email regarding my own personal information then I ll have to ask you for the name and email address of your supervisor. Thank you. Doug Kenline


The Answer To Your Question Is:

Per our Operating instructions, we (the IRS Customer Service) ARE NOT allowed to send personal information regarding any account (exception being refund inquiries on our website only) via email. Internet is NOT a secure venue for personal tax account information. The Customer Service telephones (at 1-800-829-1040) is available Monday thru Friday 7:00am - 10:00pm in all time zones within the United States. We apologize for the inconvenience, but that service is not available for security reasons.

IRS forms and publications may be accessed on our web site at the following address: link or ordered through our toll-free forms line at:

800-829-3676

which is available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, with 7-10 days delivery time.

Other useful toll-free numbers include:

800-829-1040 IRS Tax Help Line for Individuals
(NEW) 800-829-4933 Business and Specialty Tax Help Line
(NEW) 800-829-1954 Refund Hotline

We are interested in your opinion and providing the best possible service to you. Please take a moment to answer our survey at:

IRS Survey

This answer is based on our understanding of the facts you presented in your question. Omission of facts may affect the answer given.

Here's a tip for navigating the IRS web site. Use the "search" button at the left side of the web page. Enter key words or phrases for your topic in the entry box. It could help you find your answer immediately.


EMPLOYEE ID: 59- Mr. Burford Tel.:(800)829-1040 msg#: 1457143

posted by Dietrich Bonhoeffer at 5:41 PM


   Saturday, July 12, 2003  
From: TaxHelp@hal1.ausc.irs.gov
Date: 2003/07/12 Sat PM 04:16:03 EDT
To: dkenline@bellsouth.net
Subject: IRS Email Tax Law Assistance Acknowledgement

We have received the inquiry you submitted through our web site at http://www.IRS.gov. We will respond as quickly as our resources allow. Thank you for using our service.

If you have another question, please return to our web site at: http://www.irs.gov to submit it.

posted by Dietrich Bonhoeffer at 2:30 PM
 
re: msg#: 1457099

I am not talking about "this service." I am not talking about "this IRS program".

I am asking you if there is any person at the IRS with whom I can correspond with via email regarding personal information pertaining to myself.

Please do not tell me that there is not one single person at the IRS with whom I can speak with via email regarding personal information pertaining to myself.

This would be terrible service indeed. I want the name and email address of some real person at the IRS with whom I can speak to regarding personal information pertaining to myself.

If you do not answer me with the name and email address of some person with whom I can speak to via email regarding my own personal information then I'll have to ask you for the name and email address of your supervisor.

Thank you.

Doug Kenline

Your Question Has Been Submitted

We will direct your message to the appropriate IRS office. Thank you!

posted by Dietrich Bonhoeffer at 2:21 PM
 
From: TaxHelp@hal1.ausc.irs.gov
Date: 2003/07/12 Sat PM 03:41:09 EDT
To: dkenline@bellsouth.net
Subject: IRS Email Tax Law Assistance

NOTE: Our response to your tax law question appears below. If you have a follow-up question or another general tax law question, please return to our web site at: (link) to submit it. Please do not use your "reply" button to respond to this message. More helpful information is provided at the end of this message.

For privacy and security purposes, your incoming e-mail text has been deleted in this response because it either asked a tax account question, which we do not answer (we answer tax law issues only), or it contained personal identification information.

The Answer To Your Question Is:

Thank you for using our e-mail service.

I m not sure from your question what type of information you are looking for. Any information on file with the IRS ould be tax related. Whether you are a taxpayer or not, any personal information would be considered account information and cannot be answered through this service. Even if you don't consider whatever information you are looking for to be tax related, if it is personal information it would not fall under either a procedural or tax law inquiry since it is about a specific individual.

This IRS program accepts only those questions related to tax law and procedural issues. Your question concerns a specific tax account, which we are unable to answer via this system. For answers to account-related question(s), please call 1-800-829-1040 or visit your local district office. Please contact us with any further tax law or procedural questions.

IRS forms and publications may be accessed on our web site at the following address: link or ordered through our toll-free forms line at: 800-829-3676 which is available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, with 7-10 days delivery time.

Other useful toll-free numbers include: 800-829-1040 IRS Tax Help Line for Individuals (NEW) 800-829-4933 Business and Specialty Tax Help Line (NEW) 800-829-1954 Refund Hotline

We are interested in your opinion and providing the best possible service to you. Please take a moment to answer our survey at: link

This answer is based on our understanding of the facts you presented in your question. Omission of facts may affect the answer given.

Here's a tip for navigating the IRS web site. Use the "search" button at the left side of the web page. Enter key words or phrases for your topic in the entry box. It could help you find your answer immediately.

EMPLOYEE ID: 2504057 Mr. mcneilly Tel.:(800)829-1040 msg#: 1457099

posted by Dietrich Bonhoeffer at 2:07 PM
 
From: TaxHelp@hal1.ausc.irs.gov
Date: 2003/07/12 Sat PM 12:10:55 EDT
To: dkenline@bellsouth.net
Subject: IRS Email Tax Law Assistance Acknowledgement

We have received the inquiry you submitted through our web site at http://www.IRS.gov. We will respond as quickly as our resources allow. Thank you for using our service.

If you have another question, please return to our web site at: http://www.irs.gov to submit it.

posted by Dietrich Bonhoeffer at 10:30 AM
 
In msg#: 1457063 you refer me to Internal Revenue Manual 21.3.2.4 to show me the authority of the IRS to deny me from speaking with anybody at the IRS regarding information pertaining to me personally via email.

The manual says to refer the taxpayer to 1-800-829-1040 using the "account "question canned answer.

I am not a taxpayer. Please give me the name and email address of somebody at the IRS with whom I can correspond via email regarding information pertaining to me personally which may be on file at the IRS.

Thank you very much.

Sincerely,

Doug Kenline

submitted by form.

Your Question Has Been Submitted

We will direct your message to the appropriate IRS office. Thank you!


posted by Dietrich Bonhoeffer at 10:13 AM
 
From: TaxHelp@hal1.ausc.irs.gov
Date: 2003/07/12 Sat AM 08:28:33 EDT
To: dkenline@bellsouth.net
Subject: IRS Email Tax Law Assistance

NOTE: Our response to your tax law question appears below. If you have a follow-up question or another general tax law question, please return to our web site at: (this link) to submit it. Please do not use your "reply" button to respond to this message. More helpful information is provided at the end of this message.


Your Question Was:

Dear IRS: I recently received an email from you (msg : 1454055) with the name of a Mr. Sperandio EMPLOYEE ID: 43-14579 telling me that my account cannot be discussed via email. Please provide me with the law that says my account can not be discussed with me via email.

Thank you very much.

Sincerely,

Doug Kenline


The Answer To Your Question Is:

Thank you for your Email inquiry.

1.) You asked for the law that states the IRS cannot discuss you tax-account via email.

We apologize for any inconvenience, however, do to the fact that the internet is not a secure system and many people may have access to your tax account information the IRS does not transmit confidential taxpayer tax-account information to the taxpayer via this system (Internal Revenue Manual 21.3.2.4) instead taxpayers are referred to the IRS call site at 1-800-829-1040. Below are other IRS telephone numbers for other related tax issues you may have.

This IRS program accepts only those questions related to tax law and procedural issues. Your question concerns a specific tax account, which we are unable to answer via this system. For answers to account-related question(s), please call 800-829-1040. For other issues, see the following list of toll-free numbers.

800-829-1040 IRS Tax Help Line for Individuals
For individual and joint filers who need procedural or tax law information
and/or help to file their 1040-type individual returns (including Schedules C
and E); and, general account information for Form 1040 Filers. Automated Self-
Service Interactive Applications are also offered on this line.


800-829-4933 Business and Specialty Tax Line [new]
For Small Businesses, Corporations, Partnerships and Trusts who need
information and/or help related to their Business Returns or Business (BMF)
Accounts. Services cover Employer Identification Numbers (EINs), 94x returns,
1041, 1065, 1120S, Excise Returns, Estate and Gift Returns, as well as issues
related to Federal tax deposits.

800-829-1954 Refund Hotline [new]
For 1040-type Individual and Joint Filers who need to check the status of their
current year refund. Automated Refund Self-Service Interactive Applications are
offered on this line
NOTE: The "Where s my refund?" automated self-service feature is also available 24/7 at http://www.irs.gov/ to obtain refund status information.

800-829-3676 Forms and Publications
For individuals, businesses and tax practitioners who need IRS tax forms,
instructions and related materials and tax publications.

877-777-4778 National Taxpayer Advocate s Help Line
For taxpayers whose tax problems have not been resolved through normal
channels. Taxpayer Advocate Service (TAS) provides an independent system to
assure that tax problems are promptly and fairly handled. TAS operates
independently of any other IRS office and reports directly to Congress through
the National Taxpayer Advocate.

800-829-4059 Telephone Device for the Deaf (TDD)
For hearing impaired taxpayers who need tax law and/or procedural information
relating to filing their returns or who need information and/or assistance
relating to their accounts

888-912-1227 Taxpayer Advocacy Panel
For citizens who want to provide ideas and suggestions on how to improve IRS
services or who want to make recommendations for improvement of IRS systems and
procedures.

800-555-4477 or 800-945-8400 Electronic Federal Tax Payment System (EFTPS)
Hotline
For taxpayers who want to pay business or individual taxes through electronic
funds transfer. The EFTPS Toll-Free numbers can provide callers with EFTPS
enrollment forms, instructions and customer assistance.

877-829-5500 Tax Exempt - Government Entity (TEGE) Help Line
For taxpayers who need tax information or assistance relating to Tax Exempt or
Government Entities, Tax Exempt Bonds, Employer /Employee Pension Plans or
Indian Tribal Agreements

800-829-4477 Tele-Tax System
For individuals who need to check the status of their current year refund or
who want to listen to recorded tax information. Available 24 hours a day, seven
days a week.

888-796-1074 Extension to File Tele-File System
For individual filers who want to submit an Extension to File for a 1040-series
return via telephone.

If you have any other tax questions, please feel free to contact the IRS again
at the Service's website (www.irs.gov).

Reference: Internal Revenue Manual 21.3.2.4.

IRS forms and publications may be accessed on our web site at the following address: link or ordered through our toll-free forms line at:
800-829-3676
which is available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, with 7-10 days delivery time.

Other useful toll-free numbers include:
800-829-1040 IRS Tax Help Line for Individuals
(NEW) 800-829-4933 Business and Specialty Tax Help Line
(NEW) 800-829-1954 Refund Hotline

We are interested in your opinion and providing the best possible service to you. Please take a moment to answer our survey at: link
This answer is based on our understanding of the facts you presented in your
question. Omission of facts may affect the answer given.

Here's a tip for navigating the IRS web site. Use the "search" button at the
left side of the web page. Enter key words or phrases for your topic in the
entry box. It could help you find your answer immediately.


EMPLOYEE ID: 04-06102 Mr. Glidden Tel.:(800)829-1040 msg#: 1457063

posted by Dietrich Bonhoeffer at 8:59 AM
 
From: TaxHelp@hal1.ausc.irs.gov
Date: 2003/07/12 Sat AM 05:30:56 EDT
To: dkenline@bellsouth.net
Subject: IRS Email Tax Law Assistance Acknowledgement

We have received the inquiry you submitted through our web site at http://www.IRS.gov. We will respond as quickly as our resources allow. Thank you for using our service.

If you have another question, please return to our web site at: http://www.irs.gov to submit it.

posted by Dietrich Bonhoeffer at 5:28 AM


   Friday, July 11, 2003  
From: dkenline@bellsouth.net

Dear IRS:

I recently received an email from you (msg#: 1454055) with the name of a Mr. Sperandio EMPLOYEE ID: 43-14579 telling me that my account cannot be discussed via email.

Please provide me with the law that says my account cannot be discussed with me via email.

Thank you very much.

Sincerely,

Doug Kenline

Sent just now via IRS web form.

Your Question Has Been Submitted

We will direct your message to the appropriate IRS office. Thank you!


posted by Dietrich Bonhoeffer at 11:28 PM
 
Email From IRS

From: TaxHelp@hal1.ausc.irs.gov
Date: 2003/07/11 Fri PM 07:35:25 EDT
To: dkenline@bellsouth.net
Subject: IRS Email Tax Law Assistance

NOTE: Our response to your tax law question appears below. If you have a follow-up question or another general tax law question, please return to our web site at: (this link) to submit it. Please do not use your "reply" button to respond to this message. More helpful information is provided at the end of this message.


Your Question Was:

I would like to speak with somebody at the IRS regarding my account. Please provide me with the name and email address of somebody at the IRS with whom I can correspond via email regarding my account.

Thank you very much.

Sincerely,

Doug Kenline


The Answer To Your Question Is:

Your account information is confidential and cannot be discussed via e-mail for security reasons. Please call 1-800-829-1040- Advanced Accounts.

IRS forms and publications may be accessed on our web site at the following address: link or ordered through our toll free forms line at: 800-829-3676 which is available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, with 7-10 days delivery time.

Other useful toll-free numbers include:

800-829-1040 IRS Tax Help Line for Individuals
(NEW) 800-829-4933 Business and Specialty Tax Help Line
(NEW) 800-829-1954 Refund Hotline

We are interested in your opinion and providing the best possible service to you. Please take a moment to answer our survey at:

this link

This answer is based on our understanding of the facts you presented in your question. Omission of facts may affect the answer given.

Here's a tip for navigating the IRS web site. Use the "search" button at the left side of the web page. Enter key words or phrases for your topic in the entry box. It could help you find your answer immediately.

EMPLOYEE ID: 43-14579 Mr. Sperandio Tel.:(800)829-1040 msg#: 1454055




---------------------------------------------


July 7

Email From IRS

This one must be from the one I sent directly to the hal1 email address. Boy they sure are working hard for the people down there at the IRS. Looks like they changed the subject line though. Strange. And it doesn't appear to be an automated response otherwise it would have come right back at me.

From: TaxHelp@hal1.ausc.irs.gov
Date: 2003/07/07 Mon AM 05:30:43 EDT
To: dkenline@bellsouth.net
Subject: IRS Email Tax Law Assistance Acknowledgement

We have received the inquiry you submitted through our web site at http://www.IRS.gov. We will respond as quickly as our resources allow. Thank you for using our service.

If you have another question, please return to our web site at: http://www.irs.gov to submit it.


-------------------------------------------------------

July 6

Email From IRS

This must be in response to the one I submitted at their web form.

From: TaxHelp@hal1.ausc.irs.gov
Date: 2003/07/06 Sun PM 10:45:44 EDT
To: dkenline@bellsouth.net
Subject: IRS Email Tax Law Assistance Acknowledgement

We have received the inquiry you submitted through our web site at http://www.IRS.gov. We will respond as quickly as our resources allow. Thank you for using our service.

If you have another question, please return to our web site at: http://www.irs.gov to submit it.



----------------------------------------------------------------



July 6


Email To IRS

From: dkenline@bellsouth.net
Date: 2003/07/06 Sun PM 09:43:28 EDT
To: taxhelp@hal1.ausc.irs.gov
Subject: My Account

Dear IRS,

Please provide me with the name and email address of somebody at the IRS with whom I can discuss my account.

Thank you very much.

Doug Kenline


---------------------------------------------------------------------


July 6



Email To IRS

I just submitted this to the IRS via their web site. They responded to Gene Chapman via email. Let's see if they respond to me via email. Surely there is somebody in the IRS that I can correspond with via email.

I would like to speak with somebody at the IRS regarding my account. Please provide me with the name and email address of somebody at the IRS with whom I can correspond via email regarding my account.

Thank you very much.

Sincerely,

Doug Kenline


Your Question Has Been Submitted

We will direct your message to the appropriate IRS office. Thank you!


posted by Dietrich Bonhoeffer at 10:51 PM


Doug Kenline
Atlanta, Georgia USA
dkenline@bellsouth.net
770-850-9840
About Me

Goal:
To correspond with the IRS via email.

Reference
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WTP Congress
Charters Of Freedom
Republic Versus Democracy

"It is the first responsibility of every citizen to question authority."
- Benjamin Franklin

"A Democracy is the most vile form of government there is!"
- Thomas Paine

Banking establishments are more dangerous than standing armies.
- Thomas Jefferson

When evil men organize to do evil, good men must organize to do good.

The power of the pen is mightier than the sword.

When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation. We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.--That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, --That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly all experience hath shewn, that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same Object evinces a design to reduce them under absolute Despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such Government, and to provide new Guards for their future security.--Such has been the patient sufferance of these Colonies; and such is now the necessity which constrains them to alter their former Systems of Government. The history of the present King of Great Britain is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations, all having in direct object the establishment of an absolute Tyranny over these States. To prove this, let Facts be submitted to a candid world. He has refused his Assent to Laws, the most wholesome and necessary for the public good. He has forbidden his Governors to pass Laws of immediate and pressing importance, unless suspended in their operation till his Assent should be obtained; and when so suspended, he has utterly neglected to attend to them. He has refused to pass other Laws for the accommodation of large districts of people, unless those people would relinquish the right of Representation in the Legislature, a right inestimable to them and formidable to tyrants only. He has called together legislative bodies at places unusual, uncomfortable, and distant from the depository of their public Records, for the sole purpose of fatiguing them into compliance with his measures. He has dissolved Representative Houses repeatedly, for opposing with manly firmness his invasions on the rights of the people. He has refused for a long time, after such dissolutions, to cause others to be elected; whereby the Legislative powers, incapable of Annihilation, have returned to the People at large for their exercise; the State remaining in the mean time exposed to all the dangers of invasion from without, and convulsions within. He has endeavoured to prevent the population of these States; for that purpose obstructing the Laws for Naturalization of Foreigners; refusing to pass others to encourage their migrations hither, and raising the conditions of new Appropriations of Lands. He has obstructed the Administration of Justice, by refusing his Assent to Laws for establishing Judiciary powers. He has made Judges dependent on his Will alone, for the tenure of their offices, and the amount and payment of their salaries. He has erected a multitude of New Offices, and sent hither swarms of Officers to harrass our people, and eat out their substance. He has kept among us, in times of peace, Standing Armies without the Consent of our legislatures. He has affected to render the Military independent of and superior to the Civil power. He has combined with others to subject us to a jurisdiction foreign to our constitution, and unacknowledged by our laws; giving his Assent to their Acts of pretended Legislation: For Quartering large bodies of armed troops among us: For protecting them, by a mock Trial, from punishment for any Murders which they should commit on the Inhabitants of these States: For cutting off our Trade with all parts of the world: For imposing Taxes on us without our Consent: For depriving us in many cases, of the benefits of Trial by Jury: For transporting us beyond Seas to be tried for pretended offences For abolishing the free System of English Laws in a neighbouring Province, establishing therein an Arbitrary government, and enlarging its Boundaries so as to render it at once an example and fit instrument for introducing the same absolute rule into these Colonies: For taking away our Charters, abolishing our most valuable Laws, and altering fundamentally the Forms of our Governments: For suspending our own Legislatures, and declaring themselves invested with power to legislate for us in all cases whatsoever. He has abdicated Government here, by declaring us out of his Protection and waging War against us. He has plundered our seas, ravaged our Coasts, burnt our towns, and destroyed the lives of our people. He is at this time transporting large Armies of foreign Mercenaries to compleat the works of death, desolation and tyranny, already begun with circumstances of Cruelty & perfidy scarcely paralleled in the most barbarous ages, and totally unworthy the Head of a civilized nation. He has constrained our fellow Citizens taken Captive on the high Seas to bear Arms against their Country, to become the executioners of their friends and Brethren, or to fall themselves by their Hands. He has excited domestic insurrections amongst us, and has endeavoured to bring on the inhabitants of our frontiers, the merciless Indian Savages, whose known rule of warfare, is an undistinguished destruction of all ages, sexes and conditions. In every stage of these Oppressions We have Petitioned for Redress in the most humble terms: Our repeated Petitions have been answered only by repeated injury. A Prince whose character is thus marked by every act which may define a Tyrant, is unfit to be the ruler of a free people. Nor have We been wanting in attentions to our Brittish brethren. We have warned them from time to time of attempts by their legislature to extend an unwarrantable jurisdiction over us. We have reminded them of the circumstances of our emigration and settlement here. We have appealed to their native justice and magnanimity, and we have conjured them by the ties of our common kindred to disavow these usurpations, which, would inevitably interrupt our connections and correspondence. They too have been deaf to the voice of justice and of consanguinity. We must, therefore, acquiesce in the necessity, which denounces our Separation, and hold them, as we hold the rest of mankind, Enemies in War, in Peace Friends. We, therefore, the Representatives of the united States of America, in General Congress, Assembled, appealing to the Supreme Judge of the world for the rectitude of our intentions, do, in the Name, and by Authority of the good People of these Colonies, solemnly publish and declare, That these United Colonies are, and of Right ought to be Free and Independent States; that they are Absolved from all Allegiance to the British Crown, and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain, is and ought to be totally dissolved; and that as Free and Independent States, they have full Power to levy War, conclude Peace, contract Alliances, establish Commerce, and to do all other Acts and Things which Independent States may of right do. And for the support of this Declaration, with a firm reliance on the protection of divine Providence, we mutually pledge to each other our Lives, our Fortunes and our sacred Honor. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The 56 signatures on the Declaration appear in the positions indicated: Column 1 Georgia: Button Gwinnett Lyman Hall George Walton Column 2 North Carolina: William Hooper Joseph Hewes John Penn South Carolina: Edward Rutledge Thomas Heyward, Jr. Thomas Lynch, Jr. Arthur Middleton Column 3 Massachusetts: John Hancock Maryland: Samuel Chase William Paca Thomas Stone Charles Carroll of Carrollton Virginia: George Wythe Richard Henry Lee Thomas Jefferson Benjamin Harrison Thomas Nelson, Jr. Francis Lightfoot Lee Carter Braxton Column 4 Pennsylvania: Robert Morris Benjamin Rush Benjamin Franklin John Morton George Clymer James Smith George Taylor James Wilson George Ross Delaware: Caesar Rodney George Read Thomas McKean Column 5 New York: William Floyd Philip Livingston Francis Lewis Lewis Morris New Jersey: Richard Stockton John Witherspoon Francis Hopkinson John Hart Abraham Clark Column 6 New Hampshire: Josiah Bartlett William Whipple Massachusetts: Samuel Adams John Adams Robert Treat Paine Elbridge Gerry Rhode Island: Stephen Hopkins William Ellery Connecticut: Roger Sherman Samuel Huntington William Williams Oliver Wolcott New Hampshire: Matthew Thornton

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